Probing mu-term Generation Mechanism in String Models

We give a generic method to select a realistic $\mu$-term generation mechanism based on the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking scenario and study which type is hopeful within the framework of string theory. We discuss effects of the moduli F-term condensation and D-term contribution to soft scalar masses.Comment: Latex, 17 pages, 4 Postscript figure

Effect of different freezing methods on drip, texture, microstructure in fresh cheese (paneer)

Paneer is acid heat milk coagulated soft cheese popular in South East Asia. The shelf life is a major limitation for its utilization; even when kept under refrigeration. Similarly, the texture becomes flaky and fluffy after thawing. Freezing rate effects on the growth of ice crystals as well as microstructure damage that is responsible for the change in the textural quality of the Paneer. In this study, the effect of two-dimensional freezing by static air observed before and after freezing. Effect of freezing on panner were subject to analyses under slow freezing at -30°C, rapid freezing at -80 °C and supercooling freezing conditions. The quality evaluation carried out by means of drip loss, textural analysis, and microscopic observation. By using this technique, it was possible to decide the supercooling freezing is significantly best method for preserve the paneer to keep required hardness, low drip and small cracks and rupture in a microstructure in compare to another method

Effect of snow-albedo feedback on future strong warming in boreal forest region of northern Eurasia in MIROC-ESM

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所１階交流アトリウ

Studies on the Spherical Bodies Containing Anthocyanins in Plant cells, IV. : A Survey of the Occurrence of Anthocyanoplasts in the Hypocotyls in some Plant Species.

A survey was conducted on the occurrence of anthocyanoplasts using the hypocotyls of 16 families comprising 35 species, of which the names appear in Table 1. The present survey resulted in the discovery that anthocyanoplasts were recognized in the hypocotyls of 21 species. The sizes of the anthocyanoplasts, their shapes and their colors found here closely resembled those in the hypocotyls of radish previously reported on by YASUDA et al. (1985). However, there were some differences between the anthocyanoplasts found here and those of radish. Especially the morning glory hypocotyl data were strikingly different from those obtained from radish, as is shown below. 1. The relationship between the pigment level in the hypocotyls and the frequency with which anthocyanoplasts appear in them. Anthocyanoplast appeared during whole period of pigment formation of morning glory, while in contrast anthocyanoplasts only appeared in the hypocotyls of radish during the first half of pigment formation. 2. The relationship between the numbers of anthocyanoplasts per cell and their diameters The relationship between them was rather complicated, suggesting that fusion of several smaller anthocyanoplasts and the division of larger anthocyanoplasts occurred alternatively during the developmental course of anthocyanoplasts. This differs very markedly from the hypocotyls of radish which showed fusion only in their developmental stages. It was also found that the anthocyanoplasts in the hypocotyls of morning glory have the ability to display light reaction in anthocyanin biosynthesis exactly like the hypocotyls of radish.Article信州大学理学部紀要 27(1): 15-21(1992)departmental bulletin pape

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. chloroplast genome and comparative chloroplast genomics: diversified genomic structure of coniferous species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The recent determination of complete chloroplast (cp) genomic sequences of various plant species has enabled numerous comparative analyses as well as advances in plant and genome evolutionary studies. In angiosperms, the complete cp genome sequences of about 70 species have been determined, whereas those of only three gymnosperm species, <it>Cycas taitungensis</it>, <it>Pinus thunbergii</it>, and <it>Pinus koraiensis </it>have been established. The lack of information regarding the gene content and genomic structure of gymnosperm cp genomes may severely hamper further progress of plant and cp genome evolutionary studies. To address this need, we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the cp genome of <it>Cryptomeria japonica</it>, the first in the Cupressaceae sensu lato of gymnosperms, and provide a comparative analysis of their gene content and genomic structure that illustrates the unique genomic features of gymnosperms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>C. japonica </it>cp genome is 131,810 bp in length, with 112 single copy genes and two duplicated (<it>trn</it>I-CAU, <it>trn</it>Q-UUG) genes that give a total of 116 genes. Compared to other land plant cp genomes, the <it>C. japonica </it>cp has lost one of the relevant large inverted repeats (IRs) found in angiosperms, fern, liverwort, and gymnosperms, such as <it>Cycas </it>and <it>Gingko</it>, and additionally has completely lost its <it>trn</it>R-CCG, partially lost its <it>trn</it>T-GGU, and shows diversification of <it>acc</it>D. The genomic structure of the <it>C. japonica </it>cp genome also differs significantly from those of other plant species. For example, we estimate that a minimum of 15 inversions would be required to transform the gene organization of the <it>Pinus thunbergii </it>cp genome into that of <it>C. japonica</it>. In the <it>C. japonica </it>cp genome, direct repeat and inverted repeat sequences are observed at the inversion and translocation endpoints, and these sequences may be associated with the genomic rearrangements.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The observed differences in genomic structure between <it>C. japonica </it>and other land plants, including pines, strongly support the theory that the large IRs stabilize the cp genome. Furthermore, the deleted large IR and the numerous genomic rearrangements that have occurred in the <it>C. japonica </it>cp genome provide new insights into both the evolutionary lineage of coniferous species in gymnosperm and the evolution of the cp genome.</p